What is ACL Reconstruction?

ACL reconstruction rebuilds the torn anterior cruciate ligament, the band in the center of the knee that keeps the shin bone from sliding forward.

A torn ACL does not heal back together, so it is replaced with a graft.

The graft is a piece of tendon, taken either from your own body or from a donor, that is passed through tunnels in the bone to recreate the ligament. Over time, the graft becomes a working ligament.

Reconstruction is chosen based on activity and stability. It is common for people who pivot, cut, or play contact sports, and less often needed for those with low activity demands and a stable knee.

What happens during ACL Reconstruction, step by step?

Reconstruction is usually done with arthroscopy, a small camera through tiny incisions.

The surgeon removes the torn ligament, drills tunnels in the shin and thigh bones, and fixes the graft in place. Any meniscus or cartilage injury is treated at the same time. Dr. McMillan will discuss graft choices and what fits your case.

What is recovery like after ACL Reconstruction?

Recovery is a staged rehabilitation over months.

Many people walk with support early and regain motion in the first weeks. Return to running is often several months out, and return to pivoting sport commonly takes about 9 to 12 months, according to general guidance from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. These are ranges, not promises. Meeting specific strength and control goals matters more than the calendar, and your team will guide each step.

Read the full guide to preparing for surgery →

Your own recovery instructions come from the office and are specific to you. This page describes the general course, not a plan to follow.